Short answer: Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) is an antioxidant that supports blood vessel lining integrity and collagen production relevant to vascular structure.
Why collagen production is named as a specific, connected role
This links Vitamin C's antioxidant function directly to a structural role in blood vessels — a genuinely more specific mechanism than a general "immune support" claim.
Why this ingredient pairs specifically with Pine Bark Extract
Pine Bark Extract and Vitamin C help protect blood vessel linings from oxidative stress — two ingredients working together on the same antioxidant vascular-support pathway.
💡 Worth knowing: antioxidant protection is listed directly among the formula's eight stated benefits, tied specifically to this pairing.